# WaterAtlas — full corpus index

License: structured data CC0-1.0, prose CC-BY-SA-4.0, WICS taxonomy CC-BY-4.0.
Generated from the read projections. Canonical store in the target architecture
is a Wikidata-identical Wikibase instance.

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## WICS — Water Industry Classification System
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### 01 Water & Wastewater Treatment Equipment / 水处理与污水处理设备
  - 01.1 Screening & grit removal / 格栅与沉砂
  - 01.2 Clarification & DAF / 澄清与气浮
  - 01.3 Media & membrane filtration systems / 滤料与膜过滤系统
  - 01.4 Disinfection (chlorine, UV, ozone, AOP) / 消毒（氯、紫外、臭氧、高级氧化）
  - 01.5 Aeration & blowers / 曝气与风机
  - 01.6 Sludge handling & dewatering / 污泥处理与脱水
  - 01.7 Packaged & containerized plants / 一体化与集装箱式设备
  - 01.8 Industrial ultrapure water systems / 工业超纯水系统
  - 01.9 ZLD & evaporation / 零排放与蒸发结晶

### 02 Membranes & Modules / 膜与膜组件
  - 02.1 RO / NF elements / 反渗透/纳滤膜元件
  - 02.2 UF / MF membranes / 超滤/微滤膜
  - 02.3 MBR modules / MBR膜组件
  - 02.4 Electrodialysis (ED/EDR) / 电渗析
  - 02.5 FO / membrane distillation / 正渗透/膜蒸馏
  - 02.6 Housings & pressure vessels / 膜壳与压力容器
  - 02.7 Membrane chemicals & cleaning / 膜用化学品与清洗

### 03 Chemicals & Consumables / 水处理化学品与耗材
  - 03.1 Coagulants & flocculants / 混凝剂与絮凝剂
  - 03.2 Disinfectants / 消毒剂
  - 03.3 Antiscalants / 阻垢剂
  - 03.4 Ion-exchange resins / 离子交换树脂
  - 03.5 Activated carbon / 活性炭
  - 03.6 Specialty sorbents (PFAS) / 特种吸附剂（PFAS）
  - 03.7 Lab reagents / 实验室试剂

### 04 Pumps, Valves, Pipes & Network Hardware / 泵、阀、管材与管网设备
  - 04.1 Pumps (centrifugal, submersible, dosing) / 泵（离心、潜水、计量）
  - 04.2 Valves & actuators / 阀门与执行器
  - 04.3 Pipes & fittings (DI, HDPE, GRP) / 管材与管件
  - 04.4 Tanks & storage / 储罐与蓄水
  - 04.5 Hydrants & network fittings / 消火栓与管网附件
  - 04.6 Trenchless & pipe rehabilitation (CIPP) / 非开挖修复

### 05 Instrumentation, Monitoring & Lab / 仪器仪表、监测与实验室
  - 05.1 Water-quality sensors / 水质传感器
  - 05.2 Flow meters / 流量计
  - 05.3 SCADA & telemetry / 数据采集与遥测
  - 05.4 Samplers / 采样器
  - 05.5 Laboratories & testing services / 实验室与检测服务

### 06 Digital Water & Software / 数字水务与软件
  - 06.1 AMI & smart meters / 智能水表与AMI
  - 06.2 Leak detection & DMA analytics / 漏损检测与分区计量分析
  - 06.3 Digital twins / 数字孪生
  - 06.4 GIS & asset management / GIS与资产管理
  - 06.5 Plant-optimization AI / 工艺优化AI
  - 06.6 Billing / CIS / 营收与客户信息系统
  - 06.7 OT cybersecurity for water / 水务工控网络安全

### 07 Desalination & Reuse / 海水淡化与再生利用
  - 07.1 SWRO / BWRO plants & components / 海水/苦咸水反渗透
  - 07.2 Energy recovery devices / 能量回收装置
  - 07.3 Thermal desalination (MED/MSF) / 热法淡化
  - 07.4 Potable & industrial reuse systems / 饮用与工业再生水系统
  - 07.5 Brine management / 浓盐水处理

### 08 Engineering, Construction & Services / 工程、建设与服务
  - 08.1 EPC contractors / EPC总承包
  - 08.2 Design consultancies / 设计咨询
  - 08.3 Operations & maintenance / 运营维护
  - 08.4 Commissioning / 调试
  - 08.5 Drilling & wells / 钻井
  - 08.6 Temporary & emergency supply / 应急供水

### 09 Utilities & Operators / 公用事业与运营商
  - 09.1 Municipal utilities / 市政供排水公司
  - 09.2 Private concessionaires / 特许经营商
  - 09.3 Industrial-park water operators / 园区水务运营商
  - 09.4 Irrigation districts / 灌区管理

### 10 Stormwater, Flood & Environment / 雨洪管理与水环境
  - 10.1 Drainage systems / 排水系统
  - 10.2 SuDS / sponge-city products / 海绵城市产品
  - 10.3 Flood barriers / 防洪屏障
  - 10.4 River & lake remediation / 河湖生态修复
  - 10.5 Erosion control / 水土保持

### 11 Irrigation & Agricultural Water / 灌溉与农业用水
  - 11.1 Drip & sprinkler systems / 滴灌与喷灌
  - 11.2 Fertigation / 水肥一体化
  - 11.3 Agricultural water software / 农业用水管理软件

### 12 Building & Point-of-Use Water / 建筑与终端用水
  - 12.1 Residential purification / 家用净水
  - 12.2 Commercial building systems / 商用建筑水系统
  - 12.3 Plumbing water quality / 管道水质
  - 12.4 Rainwater harvesting / 雨水收集利用

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## DIRECTORY — water companies
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### Veolia
- Country: France (emea)
- WICS: 09, 08, 01, 06
- Verification tier: T1
- The world's largest environmental-services group — water, waste and energy — operating drinking-water and wastewater services for hundreds of millions of people, plus Veolia Water Technologies and the WTS portfolio.
- URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/directory/veolia · API: https://wateratlas.ai/api/v1/companies/veolia

### Xylem
- Country: United States (americas)
- WICS: 04.1, 01.4, 06.1, 05.2, 01
- Verification tier: T1
- Pure-play global water technology leader — pumps and transport (Flygt, Godwin), treatment (Wedeco, Sanitaire), metering and digital (Sensus), and advanced treatment and services via the 2023 Evoqua acquisition.
- URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/directory/xylem · API: https://wateratlas.ai/api/v1/companies/xylem

### Kurita Water Industries · 栗田工業株式会社
- Country: Japan (apac)
- WICS: 03, 01.8, 08.3
- Verification tier: T1
- One of the world's largest water-treatment chemical and facility companies, spanning treatment chemicals, ultrapure water for electronics, and plant engineering and maintenance across Asia, the Americas and EMEA.
- URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/directory/kurita-water-industries · API: https://wateratlas.ai/api/v1/companies/kurita-water-industries

### Toray Industries · 東レ株式会社
- Country: Japan (apac)
- WICS: 02, 02.1, 02.2, 02.3
- Verification tier: T1
- Advanced-materials group and one of the world's leading reverse-osmosis and membrane manufacturers; Toray membranes serve desalination, wastewater reuse and industrial process water worldwide.
- URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/directory/toray-industries · API: https://wateratlas.ai/api/v1/companies/toray-industries

### Ecolab (Nalco Water)
- Country: United States (americas)
- WICS: 03, 03.1, 05.1
- Verification tier: T1
- Water, hygiene and infection-prevention major whose Nalco Water business is the world's largest industrial water-treatment chemicals and services franchise, embedded in heavy industry, food and data centers.
- URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/directory/ecolab-nalco-water · API: https://wateratlas.ai/api/v1/companies/ecolab-nalco-water

### Kubota Corporation · 株式会社クボタ
- Country: Japan (apac)
- WICS: 04, 04.3, 02.3, 01
- Verification tier: T1
- Machinery group with a major water infrastructure business: ductile iron pipe, pumps, valves and flat-sheet MBR membranes used in thousands of wastewater plants.
- URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/directory/kubota-corporation · API: https://wateratlas.ai/api/v1/companies/kubota-corporation

### VA Tech Wabag
- Country: India (apac)
- WICS: 08.1, 07.1, 01, 08.3
- Verification tier: T1
- Pure-play water EPC and O&M multinational with Viennese heritage and Chennai headquarters — desalination, municipal and industrial treatment across India, MEA, Southeast Asia and Europe.
- URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/directory/va-tech-wabag · API: https://wateratlas.ai/api/v1/companies/va-tech-wabag

### ACWA Power · أكوا باور
- Country: Saudi Arabia (emea)
- WICS: 07.1, 09.2
- Verification tier: T1
- Developer-investor-operator of power and desalinated-water plants; the world's largest private desalinated-water producer by contracted capacity, including record-scale SWRO projects such as Taweelah and Rabigh 3.
- URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/directory/acwa-power · API: https://wateratlas.ai/api/v1/companies/acwa-power

### Beijing OriginWater Technology · 北京碧水源科技股份有限公司
- Country: China (apac)
- WICS: 02.3, 02.2, 01, 07.4
- Verification tier: T1
- China's membrane-bioreactor champion — one of the world's largest MBR technology companies by installed capacity, spanning membrane manufacturing, municipal wastewater plants and reuse projects.
- URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/directory/beijing-originwater · API: https://wateratlas.ai/api/v1/companies/beijing-originwater

### Ebara Corporation · 株式会社荏原製作所
- Country: Japan (apac)
- WICS: 04.1, 01.5, 08
- Verification tier: T1
- Industrial machinery maker and one of Asia's flagship pump manufacturers, supplying water and wastewater pumping systems, blowers and environmental plants globally.
- URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/directory/ebara-corporation · API: https://wateratlas.ai/api/v1/companies/ebara-corporation

### Grundfos
- Country: Denmark (emea)
- WICS: 04.1, 06
- Verification tier: T1
- Foundation-owned pump leader — among the world's largest pump manufacturers — spanning water utility, building services, industry and dosing, with a strong energy-efficiency and digital agenda.
- URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/directory/grundfos · API: https://wateratlas.ai/api/v1/companies/grundfos

### Organo Corporation · オルガノ株式会社
- Country: Japan (apac)
- WICS: 01.8, 01, 03.4
- Verification tier: T1
- Water-treatment engineering company known for ultrapure water systems serving semiconductor fabs, plus industrial water treatment plants and ion-exchange technology.
- URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/directory/organo-corporation · API: https://wateratlas.ai/api/v1/companies/organo-corporation

### Doosan Enerbility · 두산에너빌리티
- Country: South Korea (apac)
- WICS: 07, 07.1, 07.3, 08.1
- Verification tier: T1
- Energy and plant group with one of the world's strongest track records in large-scale seawater desalination — thermal (MSF/MED) and SWRO plants across the Middle East.
- URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/directory/doosan-enerbility · API: https://wateratlas.ai/api/v1/companies/doosan-enerbility

### DuPont Water Solutions
- Country: United States (americas)
- WICS: 02.1, 02.2, 03.4
- Verification tier: T1
- One of the world's largest membrane and resin franchises — FilmTec RO/NF elements, ion-exchange resins (Amberlite), ultrafiltration and MBR (Memcor) — serving desalination, industrial and municipal markets.
- URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/directory/dupont-water-solutions · API: https://wateratlas.ai/api/v1/companies/dupont-water-solutions

### IDE Technologies
- Country: Israel (emea)
- WICS: 07.1, 07, 08.1
- Verification tier: T1
- Desalination pioneer behind some of the world's largest and lowest-energy SWRO plants (Sorek, Hadera, Carlsbad) and advanced industrial water solutions.
- URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/directory/ide-technologies · API: https://wateratlas.ai/api/v1/companies/ide-technologies

### Ion Exchange (India)
- Country: India (apac)
- WICS: 03.4, 01, 03, 12.1
- Verification tier: T1
- India's veteran water and environment company — ion-exchange resins, standard and engineered treatment plants, chemicals and consumer purifiers, serving industry and municipalities across 60+ countries.
- URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/directory/ion-exchange-india · API: https://wateratlas.ai/api/v1/companies/ion-exchange-india

### Nitto Denko (Hydranautics) · 日東電工株式会社
- Country: Japan (apac)
- WICS: 02, 02.1, 02.2
- Verification tier: T1
- Materials group whose Hydranautics membrane business is among the global leaders in RO/NF/UF elements for desalination, municipal and industrial applications.
- URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/directory/nitto-denko-hydranautics · API: https://wateratlas.ai/api/v1/companies/nitto-denko-hydranautics

### LG Chem · LG화학
- Country: South Korea (apac)
- WICS: 02.1
- Verification tier: T1
- Chemicals major whose water-solutions unit is a top-tier reverse-osmosis membrane producer, known for thin-film nanocomposite seawater elements used in desalination projects worldwide.
- URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/directory/lg-chem · API: https://wateratlas.ai/api/v1/companies/lg-chem

### Manila Water Company
- Country: Philippines (apac)
- WICS: 09.2, 09
- Verification tier: T1
- Concessionaire serving the East Zone of Metro Manila and one of Southeast Asia's flagship private water utilities, with ventures across the Philippines and Asia-Pacific.
- URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/directory/manila-water · API: https://wateratlas.ai/api/v1/companies/manila-water

### SUEZ
- Country: France (emea)
- WICS: 09, 08, 06, 01
- Verification tier: T1
- Global water and waste group re-launched in 2022 under consortium ownership after the Veolia merger; strong municipal water, advanced treatment and smart-water positions, with deep history in Asia through SUEZ (formerly Sino-French) joint ventures.
- URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/directory/suez · API: https://wateratlas.ai/api/v1/companies/suez

### Beijing Enterprises Water Group · 北控水务集团有限公司
- Country: China (apac)
- WICS: 09, 09.2, 08.3
- Verification tier: T1
- One of the world's largest water utilities and environmental operators by treated volume, running hundreds of municipal water and wastewater concessions across China and internationally.
- URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/directory/beijing-enterprises-water-group · API: https://wateratlas.ai/api/v1/companies/beijing-enterprises-water-group

### Coway · 코웨이
- Country: South Korea (apac)
- WICS: 12.1
- Verification tier: T1
- Asia's leading point-of-use water purifier company by subscription base, with rental-model water and air purification across Korea, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and the US.
- URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/directory/coway · API: https://wateratlas.ai/api/v1/companies/coway

### Metito
- Country: United Arab Emirates (emea)
- WICS: 08.1, 07, 09.2
- Verification tier: T1
- Emerging-markets water developer and EPC with six decades of history — desalination, wastewater and reuse concessions and plants across the Middle East, Africa and Asia.
- URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/directory/metito · API: https://wateratlas.ai/api/v1/companies/metito

### Pentair
- Country: United States (americas)
- WICS: 12, 12.1, 04.1
- Verification tier: T1
- Water solutions company across residential and commercial filtration, pool, and industrial flow — a leading name in point-of-use and light-commercial water treatment.
- URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/directory/pentair · API: https://wateratlas.ai/api/v1/companies/pentair

### Thermax
- Country: India (apac)
- WICS: 01, 01.9, 08.1
- Verification tier: T1
- Energy and environment engineering group whose water and waste solutions division delivers industrial water treatment, ZLD systems and recycle plants across India and export markets.
- URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/directory/thermax · API: https://wateratlas.ai/api/v1/companies/thermax

### Wilo Group
- Country: Germany (emea)
- WICS: 04.1
- Verification tier: T1
- German pump and pump-system maker for water management, building services and industry; a pioneer in high-efficiency smart pumps with major manufacturing across Europe, Asia and the Americas.
- URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/directory/wilo · API: https://wateratlas.ai/api/v1/companies/wilo

### Alfa Laval
- Country: Sweden (emea)
- WICS: 01.6, 01.9
- Verification tier: T1
- Heat transfer, separation and fluid-handling group whose water and waste portfolio includes decanter centrifuges for sludge dewatering, membrane systems and evaporation for ZLD.
- URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/directory/alfa-laval · API: https://wateratlas.ai/api/v1/companies/alfa-laval

### Aquatech International
- Country: United States (americas)
- WICS: 01.9, 07, 01.8
- Verification tier: T1
- Industrial water specialist known globally for zero liquid discharge, high-recovery desalination and water reuse for energy, semiconductor and heavy industry.
- URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/directory/aquatech-international · API: https://wateratlas.ai/api/v1/companies/aquatech-international

### China Everbright Water · 中国光大水务有限公司
- Country: China (apac)
- WICS: 09, 10.4, 07.4
- Verification tier: T1
- Environmental-water investor and operator focused on municipal wastewater treatment, reuse, and sponge-city and river-restoration projects across Chinese provinces.
- URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/directory/china-everbright-water · API: https://wateratlas.ai/api/v1/companies/china-everbright-water

### H2O Innovation
- Country: Canada (americas)
- WICS: 01.3, 03, 08.3
- Verification tier: T0
- Membrane-system integrator, specialty chemicals and O&M provider for municipal and industrial customers across North America, taken private in 2024.
- URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/directory/h2o-innovation · API: https://wateratlas.ai/api/v1/companies/h2o-innovation

### Litree Purifying Technology · 海南立昇净水科技实业有限公司
- Country: China (apac)
- WICS: 02.2, 12.1
- Verification tier: T0
- Ultrafiltration specialist and one of China's best-known PVC-alloy hollow-fibre UF membrane makers, serving municipal drinking water, building water and point-of-use markets.
- URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/directory/litree-purifying-technology · API: https://wateratlas.ai/api/v1/companies/litree-purifying-technology

### Vontron Technology · 沃顿科技股份有限公司
- Country: China (apac)
- WICS: 02.1
- Verification tier: T0
- China's largest domestic reverse-osmosis membrane manufacturer, supplying RO and NF elements for household, industrial and municipal applications at home and abroad.
- URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/directory/vontron-technology · API: https://wateratlas.ai/api/v1/companies/vontron-technology

### Kolon Industries · 코오롱인더스트리
- Country: South Korea (apac)
- WICS: 02.2, 02.3
- Verification tier: T0
- Materials group producing hollow-fibre membranes and water-treatment solutions alongside its industrial materials portfolio; active in Korean municipal membrane plants.
- URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/directory/kolon-industries · API: https://wateratlas.ai/api/v1/companies/kolon-industries

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## PRODUCTS -- bounded discovery excerpt (use the cursor API for the full corpus)
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================================================================
## WATER WIKI — referenced explainers
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### Reverse Osmosis (technology, reviewed)
Reverse osmosis (RO) is a pressure-driven membrane process that removes dissolved salts and most other contaminants by forcing water through a semipermeable membrane against the osmotic gradient. It is the dominant technology in modern seawater desalination and high-purity industrial water.
Facts: Process type: Pressure-driven membrane separation; Typical SWRO pressure: 55–82 bar; Salt rejection: 99.0–99.8%; SWRO energy (with ERD): ≈ 3.0–4.0 kWh/m³; WICS class: 02.1 · 07.1
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/reverse-osmosis

### Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) (technology, reviewed)
A membrane bioreactor combines biological activated-sludge treatment with membrane filtration (typically UF or MF), replacing secondary clarifiers and producing high-quality effluent suitable for reuse in a compact footprint.
Facts: Process type: Biological + membrane filtration; Membrane type: UF / MF (0.01–0.4 µm); Configuration: Submerged (iMBR) or sidestream; MLSS range: 8,000–15,000 mg/L; WICS class: 02.3
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/membrane-bioreactor

### Seawater Desalination (technology, reviewed)
Seawater desalination produces fresh water from the ocean, principally by reverse osmosis (membrane) or thermal distillation (MSF/MED). Global installed capacity exceeds 100 million m³/day, concentrated in the Middle East but growing fastest in Asia and North Africa.
Facts: Main technologies: SWRO, MSF, MED; Dominant new-build tech: Reverse osmosis (SWRO); Global capacity: > 100 million m³/day; Largest SWRO plant: Taweelah, UAE (~900,000 m³/d); WICS class: 07.1
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/seawater-desalination

### Ultrafiltration (technology, reviewed)
Ultrafiltration (UF) is a low-pressure membrane process that removes suspended solids, colloids, bacteria and most viruses by size exclusion, widely used for drinking-water clarification and as pretreatment ahead of reverse osmosis.
Facts: Pore size: ≈ 0.01–0.1 µm; Operating pressure: 0.5–3 bar; Removes: Solids, colloids, bacteria, most viruses; WICS class: 02.2
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/ultrafiltration

### UV Disinfection (technology, reviewed)
Ultraviolet disinfection inactivates pathogens by damaging their nucleic acids with UV-C light, providing chemical-free disinfection with no disinfection-by-product formation and strong efficacy against chlorine-resistant organisms such as Cryptosporidium.
Facts: Mechanism: UV-C photochemical damage to DNA/RNA; Peak germicidal wavelength: ≈ 254 nm (LP) / 200–280 nm (MP); Typical dose: 40 mJ/cm² (validated drinking water); WICS class: 01.4
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/uv-disinfection

### Ozonation & Advanced Oxidation (technology, stub)
Ozone and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) generate powerful oxidants — ozone itself and hydroxyl radicals — to break down micropollutants, taste-and-odour compounds and colour, increasingly required for micropollutant removal in wastewater.
Facts: Key oxidants: O₃, •OH radicals; Common AOPs: O₃/H₂O₂, UV/H₂O₂, UV/O₃; Main driver: Micropollutant / CEC removal; WICS class: 01.4
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/ozonation-aop

### Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) (technology, stub)
Zero liquid discharge is a treatment strategy that eliminates liquid waste discharge by concentrating and crystallizing dissolved solids, recovering nearly all water for reuse. It is used where discharge is restricted or water is scarce, notably in Chinese and Indian industry.
Facts: Goal: No liquid effluent; solids only; Typical train: Pretreatment → RO → evaporator → crystallizer; Water recovery: ≈ 95–99%; WICS class: 01.9
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/zero-liquid-discharge

### Anaerobic Digestion (technology, stub)
Anaerobic digestion stabilizes sewage sludge and organic waste in the absence of oxygen, reducing solids volume and producing biogas — a route to energy-neutral or energy-positive wastewater treatment.
Facts: Process: Anaerobic biological stabilization; Main product: Biogas (CH₄ + CO₂); Typical temperature: Mesophilic ≈ 35 °C / thermophilic ≈ 55 °C; WICS class: 01.6
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/anaerobic-digestion

### PFAS (Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances) (contaminant, reviewed)
PFAS are a large family of synthetic fluorinated chemicals valued for water- and grease-resistance but extremely persistent in the environment and linked to health effects. They are the highest-intensity contaminant topic in the water sector, driving new regulations and a large treatment market.
Facts: Also called: 'Forever chemicals'; US MCL (PFOA / PFOS): 4 ng/L each; Key treatments: GAC, ion exchange, high-pressure RO/NF; Destruction (emerging): SCWO, electrochemical, plasma; WICS class: 03.6
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/pfas

### US PFAS Drinking-Water Rule (regulation, reviewed)
The first legally enforceable US national drinking-water standards for PFAS, finalized by EPA in 2024, set maximum contaminant levels of 4 ng/L for PFOA and PFOS and additional limits for several other compounds.
Facts: Jurisdiction: United States (federal); Instrument: National Primary Drinking Water Regulation; PFOA / PFOS MCL: 4 ng/L each; Finalized: April 2024
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/us-pfas-rule

### Potable Reuse (technology, reviewed)
Potable reuse purifies treated wastewater to drinking-water quality, either by returning it to an environmental buffer (indirect potable reuse) or introducing it directly into the supply (direct potable reuse). California adopted DPR regulations in 2023.
Facts: Types: Indirect (IPR) and direct (DPR); Typical advanced train: UF → RO → UV/AOP; Regulatory milestone: California DPR rules, Dec 2023; WICS class: 07.4
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/potable-reuse

### Non-Revenue Water (reference, reviewed)
Non-revenue water (NRW) is water that has been produced but is 'lost' before reaching customers — through physical leakage, metering inaccuracy, or unauthorized use. Reducing NRW is one of the highest-value levers in utility management, especially across rapidly urbanizing Asia.
Facts: Definition: Produced water not billed to customers; Components: Physical (real) + commercial (apparent) losses; Standard framework: IWA Water Balance; WICS class: 06.2
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/non-revenue-water

### Water & Wastewater Treatment Equipment (reference, stub)
Unit processes and packaged systems for municipal and industrial treatment trains.
Facts: WICS domain: 01; Categories: 9; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-01

### Membranes & Modules (reference, stub)
Membrane elements, modules and membrane-process consumables.
Facts: WICS domain: 02; Categories: 7; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-02

### Chemicals & Consumables (reference, stub)
Treatment chemicals, resins, carbons and specialty sorbents.
Facts: WICS domain: 03; Categories: 7; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-03

### Pumps, Valves, Pipes & Network Hardware (reference, stub)
Fluid transport and distribution-network hardware.
Facts: WICS domain: 04; Categories: 6; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-04

### Instrumentation, Monitoring & Lab (reference, stub)
Sensing, metering, telemetry and analytical services.
Facts: WICS domain: 05; Categories: 5; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-05

### Digital Water & Software (reference, stub)
Smart metering, analytics, twins and water-utility software.
Facts: WICS domain: 06; Categories: 7; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-06

### Desalination & Reuse (reference, stub)
Desalination plants and components; potable and industrial reuse.
Facts: WICS domain: 07; Categories: 5; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-07

### Engineering, Construction & Services (reference, stub)
EPC, consultancy, O&M and field services.
Facts: WICS domain: 08; Categories: 6; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-08

### Utilities & Operators (reference, stub)
Municipal utilities, concessionaires and industrial-park operators.
Facts: WICS domain: 09; Categories: 4; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-09

### Stormwater, Flood & Environment (reference, stub)
Drainage, sponge-city products, flood protection and remediation.
Facts: WICS domain: 10; Categories: 5; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-10

### Irrigation & Agricultural Water (reference, stub)
Efficient irrigation hardware and ag-water software.
Facts: WICS domain: 11; Categories: 3; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-11

### Building & Point-of-Use Water (reference, stub)
Residential and commercial purification, plumbing water quality, rainwater harvesting.
Facts: WICS domain: 12; Categories: 4; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-12

### Screening & grit removal (reference, stub)
Screening & grit removal is Water Industry Classification System category 01.1 within Water & Wastewater Treatment Equipment.
Facts: WICS category: 01.1; Parent domain: 01 · Water & Wastewater Treatment Equipment; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-01-1

### Clarification & DAF (reference, stub)
Clarification & DAF is Water Industry Classification System category 01.2 within Water & Wastewater Treatment Equipment.
Facts: WICS category: 01.2; Parent domain: 01 · Water & Wastewater Treatment Equipment; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-01-2

### Media & membrane filtration systems (reference, stub)
Media & membrane filtration systems is Water Industry Classification System category 01.3 within Water & Wastewater Treatment Equipment.
Facts: WICS category: 01.3; Parent domain: 01 · Water & Wastewater Treatment Equipment; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-01-3

### Disinfection (chlorine, UV, ozone, AOP) (reference, stub)
Disinfection (chlorine, UV, ozone, AOP) is Water Industry Classification System category 01.4 within Water & Wastewater Treatment Equipment.
Facts: WICS category: 01.4; Parent domain: 01 · Water & Wastewater Treatment Equipment; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-01-4

### Aeration & blowers (reference, stub)
Aeration & blowers is Water Industry Classification System category 01.5 within Water & Wastewater Treatment Equipment.
Facts: WICS category: 01.5; Parent domain: 01 · Water & Wastewater Treatment Equipment; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-01-5

### Sludge handling & dewatering (reference, stub)
Sludge handling & dewatering is Water Industry Classification System category 01.6 within Water & Wastewater Treatment Equipment.
Facts: WICS category: 01.6; Parent domain: 01 · Water & Wastewater Treatment Equipment; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-01-6

### Packaged & containerized plants (reference, stub)
Packaged & containerized plants is Water Industry Classification System category 01.7 within Water & Wastewater Treatment Equipment.
Facts: WICS category: 01.7; Parent domain: 01 · Water & Wastewater Treatment Equipment; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-01-7

### Industrial ultrapure water systems (reference, stub)
Industrial ultrapure water systems is Water Industry Classification System category 01.8 within Water & Wastewater Treatment Equipment.
Facts: WICS category: 01.8; Parent domain: 01 · Water & Wastewater Treatment Equipment; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-01-8

### ZLD & evaporation (reference, stub)
ZLD & evaporation is Water Industry Classification System category 01.9 within Water & Wastewater Treatment Equipment.
Facts: WICS category: 01.9; Parent domain: 01 · Water & Wastewater Treatment Equipment; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-01-9

### RO / NF elements (reference, stub)
RO / NF elements is Water Industry Classification System category 02.1 within Membranes & Modules.
Facts: WICS category: 02.1; Parent domain: 02 · Membranes & Modules; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-02-1

### UF / MF membranes (reference, stub)
UF / MF membranes is Water Industry Classification System category 02.2 within Membranes & Modules.
Facts: WICS category: 02.2; Parent domain: 02 · Membranes & Modules; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-02-2

### MBR modules (reference, stub)
MBR modules is Water Industry Classification System category 02.3 within Membranes & Modules.
Facts: WICS category: 02.3; Parent domain: 02 · Membranes & Modules; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-02-3

### Electrodialysis (ED/EDR) (reference, stub)
Electrodialysis (ED/EDR) is Water Industry Classification System category 02.4 within Membranes & Modules.
Facts: WICS category: 02.4; Parent domain: 02 · Membranes & Modules; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-02-4

### FO / membrane distillation (reference, stub)
FO / membrane distillation is Water Industry Classification System category 02.5 within Membranes & Modules.
Facts: WICS category: 02.5; Parent domain: 02 · Membranes & Modules; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-02-5

### Housings & pressure vessels (reference, stub)
Housings & pressure vessels is Water Industry Classification System category 02.6 within Membranes & Modules.
Facts: WICS category: 02.6; Parent domain: 02 · Membranes & Modules; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-02-6

### Membrane chemicals & cleaning (reference, stub)
Membrane chemicals & cleaning is Water Industry Classification System category 02.7 within Membranes & Modules.
Facts: WICS category: 02.7; Parent domain: 02 · Membranes & Modules; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-02-7

### Coagulants & flocculants (reference, stub)
Coagulants & flocculants is Water Industry Classification System category 03.1 within Chemicals & Consumables.
Facts: WICS category: 03.1; Parent domain: 03 · Chemicals & Consumables; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-03-1

### Disinfectants (reference, stub)
Disinfectants is Water Industry Classification System category 03.2 within Chemicals & Consumables.
Facts: WICS category: 03.2; Parent domain: 03 · Chemicals & Consumables; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-03-2

### Antiscalants (reference, stub)
Antiscalants is Water Industry Classification System category 03.3 within Chemicals & Consumables.
Facts: WICS category: 03.3; Parent domain: 03 · Chemicals & Consumables; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-03-3

### Ion-exchange resins (reference, stub)
Ion-exchange resins is Water Industry Classification System category 03.4 within Chemicals & Consumables.
Facts: WICS category: 03.4; Parent domain: 03 · Chemicals & Consumables; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-03-4

### Activated carbon (reference, stub)
Activated carbon is Water Industry Classification System category 03.5 within Chemicals & Consumables.
Facts: WICS category: 03.5; Parent domain: 03 · Chemicals & Consumables; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-03-5

### Specialty sorbents (PFAS) (reference, stub)
Specialty sorbents (PFAS) is Water Industry Classification System category 03.6 within Chemicals & Consumables.
Facts: WICS category: 03.6; Parent domain: 03 · Chemicals & Consumables; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-03-6

### Lab reagents (reference, stub)
Lab reagents is Water Industry Classification System category 03.7 within Chemicals & Consumables.
Facts: WICS category: 03.7; Parent domain: 03 · Chemicals & Consumables; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-03-7

### Pumps (centrifugal, submersible, dosing) (reference, stub)
Pumps (centrifugal, submersible, dosing) is Water Industry Classification System category 04.1 within Pumps, Valves, Pipes & Network Hardware.
Facts: WICS category: 04.1; Parent domain: 04 · Pumps, Valves, Pipes & Network Hardware; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-04-1

### Valves & actuators (reference, stub)
Valves & actuators is Water Industry Classification System category 04.2 within Pumps, Valves, Pipes & Network Hardware.
Facts: WICS category: 04.2; Parent domain: 04 · Pumps, Valves, Pipes & Network Hardware; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-04-2

### Pipes & fittings (DI, HDPE, GRP) (reference, stub)
Pipes & fittings (DI, HDPE, GRP) is Water Industry Classification System category 04.3 within Pumps, Valves, Pipes & Network Hardware.
Facts: WICS category: 04.3; Parent domain: 04 · Pumps, Valves, Pipes & Network Hardware; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-04-3

### Tanks & storage (reference, stub)
Tanks & storage is Water Industry Classification System category 04.4 within Pumps, Valves, Pipes & Network Hardware.
Facts: WICS category: 04.4; Parent domain: 04 · Pumps, Valves, Pipes & Network Hardware; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-04-4

### Hydrants & network fittings (reference, stub)
Hydrants & network fittings is Water Industry Classification System category 04.5 within Pumps, Valves, Pipes & Network Hardware.
Facts: WICS category: 04.5; Parent domain: 04 · Pumps, Valves, Pipes & Network Hardware; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-04-5

### Trenchless & pipe rehabilitation (CIPP) (reference, stub)
Trenchless & pipe rehabilitation (CIPP) is Water Industry Classification System category 04.6 within Pumps, Valves, Pipes & Network Hardware.
Facts: WICS category: 04.6; Parent domain: 04 · Pumps, Valves, Pipes & Network Hardware; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-04-6

### Water-quality sensors (reference, stub)
Water-quality sensors is Water Industry Classification System category 05.1 within Instrumentation, Monitoring & Lab.
Facts: WICS category: 05.1; Parent domain: 05 · Instrumentation, Monitoring & Lab; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-05-1

### Flow meters (reference, stub)
Flow meters is Water Industry Classification System category 05.2 within Instrumentation, Monitoring & Lab.
Facts: WICS category: 05.2; Parent domain: 05 · Instrumentation, Monitoring & Lab; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-05-2

### SCADA & telemetry (reference, stub)
SCADA & telemetry is Water Industry Classification System category 05.3 within Instrumentation, Monitoring & Lab.
Facts: WICS category: 05.3; Parent domain: 05 · Instrumentation, Monitoring & Lab; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-05-3

### Samplers (reference, stub)
Samplers is Water Industry Classification System category 05.4 within Instrumentation, Monitoring & Lab.
Facts: WICS category: 05.4; Parent domain: 05 · Instrumentation, Monitoring & Lab; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-05-4

### Laboratories & testing services (reference, stub)
Laboratories & testing services is Water Industry Classification System category 05.5 within Instrumentation, Monitoring & Lab.
Facts: WICS category: 05.5; Parent domain: 05 · Instrumentation, Monitoring & Lab; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-05-5

### AMI & smart meters (reference, stub)
AMI & smart meters is Water Industry Classification System category 06.1 within Digital Water & Software.
Facts: WICS category: 06.1; Parent domain: 06 · Digital Water & Software; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-06-1

### Leak detection & DMA analytics (reference, stub)
Leak detection & DMA analytics is Water Industry Classification System category 06.2 within Digital Water & Software.
Facts: WICS category: 06.2; Parent domain: 06 · Digital Water & Software; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-06-2

### Digital twins (reference, stub)
Digital twins is Water Industry Classification System category 06.3 within Digital Water & Software.
Facts: WICS category: 06.3; Parent domain: 06 · Digital Water & Software; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-06-3

### GIS & asset management (reference, stub)
GIS & asset management is Water Industry Classification System category 06.4 within Digital Water & Software.
Facts: WICS category: 06.4; Parent domain: 06 · Digital Water & Software; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-06-4

### Plant-optimization AI (reference, stub)
Plant-optimization AI is Water Industry Classification System category 06.5 within Digital Water & Software.
Facts: WICS category: 06.5; Parent domain: 06 · Digital Water & Software; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-06-5

### Billing / CIS (reference, stub)
Billing / CIS is Water Industry Classification System category 06.6 within Digital Water & Software.
Facts: WICS category: 06.6; Parent domain: 06 · Digital Water & Software; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-06-6

### OT cybersecurity for water (reference, stub)
OT cybersecurity for water is Water Industry Classification System category 06.7 within Digital Water & Software.
Facts: WICS category: 06.7; Parent domain: 06 · Digital Water & Software; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-06-7

### SWRO / BWRO plants & components (reference, stub)
SWRO / BWRO plants & components is Water Industry Classification System category 07.1 within Desalination & Reuse.
Facts: WICS category: 07.1; Parent domain: 07 · Desalination & Reuse; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-07-1

### Energy recovery devices (reference, stub)
Energy recovery devices is Water Industry Classification System category 07.2 within Desalination & Reuse.
Facts: WICS category: 07.2; Parent domain: 07 · Desalination & Reuse; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-07-2

### Thermal desalination (MED/MSF) (reference, stub)
Thermal desalination (MED/MSF) is Water Industry Classification System category 07.3 within Desalination & Reuse.
Facts: WICS category: 07.3; Parent domain: 07 · Desalination & Reuse; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-07-3

### Potable & industrial reuse systems (reference, stub)
Potable & industrial reuse systems is Water Industry Classification System category 07.4 within Desalination & Reuse.
Facts: WICS category: 07.4; Parent domain: 07 · Desalination & Reuse; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-07-4

### Brine management (reference, stub)
Brine management is Water Industry Classification System category 07.5 within Desalination & Reuse.
Facts: WICS category: 07.5; Parent domain: 07 · Desalination & Reuse; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-07-5

### EPC contractors (reference, stub)
EPC contractors is Water Industry Classification System category 08.1 within Engineering, Construction & Services.
Facts: WICS category: 08.1; Parent domain: 08 · Engineering, Construction & Services; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-08-1

### Design consultancies (reference, stub)
Design consultancies is Water Industry Classification System category 08.2 within Engineering, Construction & Services.
Facts: WICS category: 08.2; Parent domain: 08 · Engineering, Construction & Services; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-08-2

### Operations & maintenance (reference, stub)
Operations & maintenance is Water Industry Classification System category 08.3 within Engineering, Construction & Services.
Facts: WICS category: 08.3; Parent domain: 08 · Engineering, Construction & Services; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-08-3

### Commissioning (reference, stub)
Commissioning is Water Industry Classification System category 08.4 within Engineering, Construction & Services.
Facts: WICS category: 08.4; Parent domain: 08 · Engineering, Construction & Services; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-08-4

### Drilling & wells (reference, stub)
Drilling & wells is Water Industry Classification System category 08.5 within Engineering, Construction & Services.
Facts: WICS category: 08.5; Parent domain: 08 · Engineering, Construction & Services; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-08-5

### Temporary & emergency supply (reference, stub)
Temporary & emergency supply is Water Industry Classification System category 08.6 within Engineering, Construction & Services.
Facts: WICS category: 08.6; Parent domain: 08 · Engineering, Construction & Services; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-08-6

### Municipal utilities (reference, stub)
Municipal utilities is Water Industry Classification System category 09.1 within Utilities & Operators.
Facts: WICS category: 09.1; Parent domain: 09 · Utilities & Operators; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-09-1

### Private concessionaires (reference, stub)
Private concessionaires is Water Industry Classification System category 09.2 within Utilities & Operators.
Facts: WICS category: 09.2; Parent domain: 09 · Utilities & Operators; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-09-2

### Industrial-park water operators (reference, stub)
Industrial-park water operators is Water Industry Classification System category 09.3 within Utilities & Operators.
Facts: WICS category: 09.3; Parent domain: 09 · Utilities & Operators; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-09-3

### Irrigation districts (reference, stub)
Irrigation districts is Water Industry Classification System category 09.4 within Utilities & Operators.
Facts: WICS category: 09.4; Parent domain: 09 · Utilities & Operators; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-09-4

### Drainage systems (reference, stub)
Drainage systems is Water Industry Classification System category 10.1 within Stormwater, Flood & Environment.
Facts: WICS category: 10.1; Parent domain: 10 · Stormwater, Flood & Environment; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-10-1

### SuDS / sponge-city products (reference, stub)
SuDS / sponge-city products is Water Industry Classification System category 10.2 within Stormwater, Flood & Environment.
Facts: WICS category: 10.2; Parent domain: 10 · Stormwater, Flood & Environment; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-10-2

### Flood barriers (reference, stub)
Flood barriers is Water Industry Classification System category 10.3 within Stormwater, Flood & Environment.
Facts: WICS category: 10.3; Parent domain: 10 · Stormwater, Flood & Environment; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-10-3

### River & lake remediation (reference, stub)
River & lake remediation is Water Industry Classification System category 10.4 within Stormwater, Flood & Environment.
Facts: WICS category: 10.4; Parent domain: 10 · Stormwater, Flood & Environment; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-10-4

### Erosion control (reference, stub)
Erosion control is Water Industry Classification System category 10.5 within Stormwater, Flood & Environment.
Facts: WICS category: 10.5; Parent domain: 10 · Stormwater, Flood & Environment; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-10-5

### Drip & sprinkler systems (reference, stub)
Drip & sprinkler systems is Water Industry Classification System category 11.1 within Irrigation & Agricultural Water.
Facts: WICS category: 11.1; Parent domain: 11 · Irrigation & Agricultural Water; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-11-1

### Fertigation (reference, stub)
Fertigation is Water Industry Classification System category 11.2 within Irrigation & Agricultural Water.
Facts: WICS category: 11.2; Parent domain: 11 · Irrigation & Agricultural Water; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-11-2

### Agricultural water software (reference, stub)
Agricultural water software is Water Industry Classification System category 11.3 within Irrigation & Agricultural Water.
Facts: WICS category: 11.3; Parent domain: 11 · Irrigation & Agricultural Water; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-11-3

### Residential purification (reference, stub)
Residential purification is Water Industry Classification System category 12.1 within Building & Point-of-Use Water.
Facts: WICS category: 12.1; Parent domain: 12 · Building & Point-of-Use Water; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-12-1

### Commercial building systems (reference, stub)
Commercial building systems is Water Industry Classification System category 12.2 within Building & Point-of-Use Water.
Facts: WICS category: 12.2; Parent domain: 12 · Building & Point-of-Use Water; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-12-2

### Plumbing water quality (reference, stub)
Plumbing water quality is Water Industry Classification System category 12.3 within Building & Point-of-Use Water.
Facts: WICS category: 12.3; Parent domain: 12 · Building & Point-of-Use Water; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-12-3

### Rainwater harvesting (reference, stub)
Rainwater harvesting is Water Industry Classification System category 12.4 within Building & Point-of-Use Water.
Facts: WICS category: 12.4; Parent domain: 12 · Building & Point-of-Use Water; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-12-4

### Bathroom faucets & aerators (reference, stub)
Bathroom faucets & aerators is product class 04.3.001 in WICS, under category 04.3.
Facts: WICS product class: 04.3.001; Parent category: 04.3; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-04-3-001

### Tank-type toilets (reference, stub)
Tank-type toilets is product class 04.3.002 in WICS, under category 04.3.
Facts: WICS product class: 04.3.002; Parent category: 04.3; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-04-3-002

### Flushometer-valve toilets (reference, stub)
Flushometer-valve toilets is product class 04.3.003 in WICS, under category 04.3.
Facts: WICS product class: 04.3.003; Parent category: 04.3; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-04-3-003

### Flushing urinals (reference, stub)
Flushing urinals is product class 04.3.004 in WICS, under category 04.3.
Facts: WICS product class: 04.3.004; Parent category: 04.3; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-04-3-004

### Showerheads (reference, stub)
Showerheads is product class 04.3.005 in WICS, under category 04.3.
Facts: WICS product class: 04.3.005; Parent category: 04.3; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-04-3-005

### Weather-based irrigation controllers (reference, stub)
Weather-based irrigation controllers is product class 05.3.001 in WICS, under category 05.3.
Facts: WICS product class: 05.3.001; Parent category: 05.3; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-05-3-001

### Soil-moisture irrigation controllers (reference, stub)
Soil-moisture irrigation controllers is product class 05.3.002 in WICS, under category 05.3.
Facts: WICS product class: 05.3.002; Parent category: 05.3; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-05-3-002

### Pressure-regulating spray sprinkler bodies (reference, stub)
Pressure-regulating spray sprinkler bodies is product class 04.2.001 in WICS, under category 04.2.
Facts: WICS product class: 04.2.001; Parent category: 04.2; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-04-2-001

### Point-of-use reverse-osmosis systems (reference, stub)
Point-of-use reverse-osmosis systems is product class 07.1.001 in WICS, under category 07.1.
Facts: WICS product class: 07.1.001; Parent category: 07.1; Taxonomy license: CC BY 4.0
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wics-07-1-001

### agricultural effluent (contaminant, stub)
effluent from agricultural activities: any solid, liquid or gas that enters the environment as a by-product of agricultural activities. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed contaminant-related concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q119585803; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2236; Namespace: contaminant; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q119585803

### air pollutant (contaminant, stub)
type of pollutant. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed contaminant-related concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q1875774; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2225; Namespace: contaminant; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q1875774

### air pollutant (contaminant, stub)
substance in the air which could, if present in high enough concentration, harm humans, animals, vegetation or materials. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed contaminant-related concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q50429805; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2232; Namespace: contaminant; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q50429805

### Boat Harbour effluent treatment facility (contaminant, stub)
effluent treatment facility that emptied waste water into Boat Harbour, Nova Scotia (legislated shutdown January 31 2020). WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed contaminant-related concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q96655782; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2219; Namespace: contaminant; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q96655782

### contaminants of emerging concern (contaminant, stub)
Chemical substances that are not regulated but are introduced in the environment due to various anthropogenic activities and can potentially harm the ecosystem. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed contaminant-related concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q155366; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2217; Namespace: contaminant; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q155366

### environmental persistent pharmaceutical pollutant (contaminant, stub)
Environmental term. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed contaminant-related concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q21051462; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2231; Namespace: contaminant; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q21051462

### environmentally hazardous substances (contaminant, stub)
environmentally hazardous substances is classified in Wikidata's water-domain hierarchy. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed contaminant-related concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q472681; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2222; Namespace: contaminant; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q472681

### hazardous waste (contaminant, stub)
waste materials that exhibit hazardous characteristics. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed contaminant-related concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q1069369; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2224; Namespace: contaminant; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q1069369

### landfill leachate (contaminant, stub)
wastewater that has dissolved or entrained pollutants by passing through a landfill. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed contaminant-related concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q2281647; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2226; Namespace: contaminant; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q2281647

### micropollutant (contaminant, stub)
ecological concept. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed contaminant-related concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q133856251; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2237; Namespace: contaminant; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q133856251

### persistent organic pollutant (contaminant, stub)
organic compound that resists environmental degradation. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed contaminant-related concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q912951; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2223; Namespace: contaminant; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q912951

### persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic substance (contaminant, stub)
class of chemical compounds. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed contaminant-related concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q3502656; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2227; Namespace: contaminant; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q3502656

### pesticide residue (contaminant, stub)
pesticide applied to food crops remaining on or in food. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed contaminant-related concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q4118259; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2228; Namespace: contaminant; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q4118259

### plutonium in the environment (contaminant, stub)
plutonium present within the environment. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed contaminant-related concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q7205711; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2229; Namespace: contaminant; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q7205711

### polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (contaminant, stub)
hydrocarbons composed of multiple aromatic rings. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed contaminant-related concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q407212; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2221; Namespace: contaminant; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q407212

### Q10899013 (contaminant, stub)
type of pollutants. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed contaminant-related concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q10899013; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2230; Namespace: contaminant; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q10899013

### radioactive pollutants (contaminant, stub)
radioactive substances acting as pollutants. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed contaminant-related concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q76706720; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2235; Namespace: contaminant; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q76706720

### short-lived climate pollutants (contaminant, stub)
short-lived climate pollutants is classified in Wikidata's water-domain hierarchy. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed contaminant-related concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q122382237; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2220; Namespace: contaminant; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q122382237

### soil pollutants (contaminant, stub)
substances which pollute the soil. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed contaminant-related concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q50430163; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2233; Namespace: contaminant; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q50430163

### sulfuric acid mist (contaminant, stub)
sulfuric acid mist is classified in Wikidata's water-domain hierarchy. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed contaminant-related concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q11587672; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2218; Namespace: contaminant; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q11587672

### water pollutant (contaminant, stub)
substance or organism which pollutes the water or body of water. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed contaminant-related concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q50430196; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2234; Namespace: contaminant; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q50430196

### Agricultural wastewater treatment (technology, stub)
farm management agenda for controlling pollution from surface runoff in agriculture chemicals in fertiliser, pesticides, animal slurry, crop residues or irrigation water. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q4693979; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2174; Namespace: technology; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q4693979

### Clarity for Spas (technology, stub)
Non-Toxic alternative natural hot tub water treatment products help avoid toxic chlorine and bromine. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q56557326; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2161; Namespace: technology; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q56557326

### De Pasveersloot (technology, stub)
De Pasveersloot is classified in Wikidata's water-domain hierarchy. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q18812966; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2158; Namespace: technology; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q18812966

### defluoridation (technology, stub)
water sanitation procedure. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q60741441; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2216; Namespace: technology; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q60741441

### drinking water production (technology, stub)
drinking water production is classified in Wikidata's water-domain hierarchy. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q21120248; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2215; Namespace: technology; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q21120248

### EcoWater (technology, stub)
water treatment systems. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q121494222; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2165; Namespace: technology; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q121494222

### Estação de Tratamento de Água Guarará (technology, stub)
Estação de Tratamento de Água Guarará is classified in Wikidata's water-domain hierarchy. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q122375879; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2166; Namespace: technology; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q122375879

### magnetic water treatment (technology, stub)
unproven method of supposedly reducing the effects of hard water. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q3272401; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2157; Namespace: technology; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q3272401

### Omni Processor (technology, stub)
sewage processing approach. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q21515314; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2159; Namespace: technology; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q21515314

### Q133857617 (technology, stub)
Q133857617 is classified in Wikidata's water-domain hierarchy. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q133857617; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2168; Namespace: technology; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q133857617

### Q13429486 (technology, stub)
Q13429486 is classified in Wikidata's water-domain hierarchy. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q13429486; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2214; Namespace: technology; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q13429486

### Q2036195 (technology, stub)
Q2036195 is classified in Wikidata's water-domain hierarchy. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q2036195; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2173; Namespace: technology; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q2036195

### Q2769129 (technology, stub)
Q2769129 is classified in Wikidata's water-domain hierarchy. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q2769129; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2156; Namespace: technology; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q2769129

### Q49445432 (technology, stub)
Q49445432 is classified in Wikidata's water-domain hierarchy. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q49445432; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2160; Namespace: technology; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q49445432

### sedimentation (technology, stub)
physical water treatment process using gravity to remove suspended solids from water. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q150330; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2169; Namespace: technology; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q150330

### sedimentation pond (technology, stub)
pond or basin for clarifying water from sediments. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q64785391; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2162; Namespace: technology; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q64785391

### Shiwa Dawnroll Borehole, Offa (technology, stub)
Shiwa Dawnroll Borehole is located in Offa, Nigeria. Company is working in General Business business activities. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q117838080; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2164; Namespace: technology; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q117838080

### Slingshot (technology, stub)
Water purification device. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q7540752; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2175; Namespace: technology; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q7540752

### Sydney Water Austral facility (technology, stub)
Sydney Water Austral facility is classified in Wikidata's water-domain hierarchy. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q116676615; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2163; Namespace: technology; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q116676615

### upflow anaerobic sludge blanket digestion (technology, stub)
form of anaerobic digester used for wastewater treatment. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q986592; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2170; Namespace: technology; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q986592

### wastewater treatment (technology, stub)
converting wastewater into an effluent for return to the water cycle. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q20127660; WaterAtlas graph item: Q395; Namespace: technology; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q20127660

### water chlorination (technology, stub)
chorination of water. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q1075344; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2171; Namespace: technology; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q1075344

### water desinfection (technology, stub)
water desinfection is classified in Wikidata's water-domain hierarchy. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q12106850; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2176; Namespace: technology; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q12106850

### water pre-treatment (technology, stub)
water pre-treatment is classified in Wikidata's water-domain hierarchy. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q12193352; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2213; Namespace: technology; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q12193352

### water purification (technology, stub)
process of removing impurities from water. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q1463025; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2172; Namespace: technology; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q1463025

### Zaria Water Treatment Plant, Kakiyayi (technology, stub)
Water treatment plant in Zaria. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
Facts: Wikidata item: Q128215263; WaterAtlas graph item: Q2167; Namespace: technology; Verification tier: T0 · imported, unreviewed
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/wikidata-q128215263

### WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality (regulation, stub)
The WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality provide an international risk-based framework and health-based guideline values used by jurisdictions when developing drinking-water standards.
Facts: Publisher: World Health Organization; Document type: International technical guidelines; Scope: Drinking-water safety and health-based guideline values
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/who-guidelines-drinking-water-quality

### EU Drinking Water Directive (2020/2184) (regulation, stub)
Directive (EU) 2020/2184 sets the European Union framework for the quality of water intended for human consumption, including risk-based management, parametric values and consumer information.
Facts: Jurisdiction: European Union; Identifier: Directive (EU) 2020/2184; Status: In force
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/wiki/eu-drinking-water-directive-2020-2184

================================================================
## INTELLIGENCE — briefs & analysis
================================================================

### Mapping the seed corpus: where the water industry's suppliers cluster (2026-07-10, dial H1)
What 33 verified seed profiles across 14 countries already reveal about the industry's Asian center of gravity — and what 250,000 profiles will show.
Mentions: toray, nitto, kurita, kubota, ebara, organo, originwater, bewg, everbright-water, vontron, litree, lg-chem, kolon, doosan-enerbility, coway
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/news/wateratlas-seed-corpus-map

### Desalination past the 100-million-m³/day mark: what the project data shows (2026-06-18, dial H1)
Global installed desalination capacity has passed 100 million m³ per day across roughly 20,000+ plants — and reverse osmosis now dominates new builds.
Mentions: acwa-power, ide-technologies, doosan-enerbility, toray, lg-chem, dupont-water, nitto
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/news/global-desal-capacity-100m

### Tracker: China's water agenda — reuse mandates, sponge cities, leakage targets (2026-05-20, dial H1)
A living overview of the policy lines that shape the world's largest water market, from the 14th Five-Year Plan era into current programs.
Mentions: originwater, bewg, everbright-water
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/news/china-water-agenda-tracker

### EU adopts recast Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive (2024-11-05, dial A1)
Quaternary treatment for micropollutants, energy neutrality for the sector, and extended producer responsibility for pharma and cosmetics.
Mentions: —
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/news/eu-adopts-recast-uwwtd

### Beyond capture: PFAS destruction technologies move from lab to field (2024-09-05, dial H1)
Supercritical water oxidation, electrochemical oxidation and plasma systems begin commercial pilots as regulators force the question: what happens to the concentrate?
Mentions: —
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/news/pfas-destruction-technologies

### India's Jal Jeevan Mission passes three-quarters of rural households connected (2024-08-15, dial A1)
The flagship tap-water program has connected over 100 million rural households since 2019 — one of the fastest water-infrastructure build-outs in history.
Mentions: ion-exchange, thermax, va-tech-wabag
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/news/jal-jeevan-mission-75-percent

### US EPA finalizes first national PFAS drinking-water standards (2024-04-10, dial A1)
Enforceable limits of 4 ng/L for PFOA and PFOS set a global reference point — and a multi-billion-dollar treatment market in motion.
Mentions: —
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/news/epa-finalizes-pfas-drinking-water-rule

### Thames Water crisis deepens as shareholders withhold new equity (2024-03-28, dial H1)
The UK's largest water utility entered 2024 unable to secure shareholder funding, putting regulatory model and £15bn+ debt pile under national scrutiny.
Mentions: —
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/news/thames-water-crisis

### California adopts direct potable reuse regulations (2023-12-19, dial A1)
The State Water Board's December 2023 vote lets utilities put purified recycled water directly into drinking-water systems — a global regulatory landmark.
Mentions: —
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/news/california-adopts-dpr-regulations

### EU restriction on intentionally added microplastics enters into force (2023-10-17, dial A0)
The REACH restriction begins phasing out microbeads and other intentionally added microplastics across consumer and industrial products.
Mentions: —
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/news/eu-microplastics-restriction

### Taweelah, the world's largest SWRO plant, reaches full commercial operation (2023-10-12, dial A1)
The ACWA Power-developed Abu Dhabi plant delivers roughly 900,000 m³/day, marking the definitive scale-up of membrane desalination.
Mentions: acwa-power
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/news/taweelah-full-operation

### Japan begins controlled discharge of ALPS-treated water at Fukushima Daiichi (2023-08-24, dial H2)
TEPCO started releasing treated, diluted water in August 2023 under IAEA monitoring; the agency's reviews found the approach consistent with international safety standards.
Mentions: —
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/news/fukushima-alps-water-discharge

### Xylem completes $7.5bn all-stock acquisition of Evoqua (2023-05-24, dial A1)
The largest pure-play water deal on record combines Xylem's technology portfolio with Evoqua's advanced treatment and outsourced-water services.
Mentions: xylem
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/news/xylem-completes-evoqua-acquisition

### Company watch: Kurita's methodical North American build-out (2023-04-11, dial H1)
Through acquisitions including U.S. Water Services and membrane-chemicals specialist Avista, Japan's water-chemicals leader assembled a full-service US platform.
Mentions: kurita, organo
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/news/kurita-north-america-buildout

### After the Veolia–Suez combination: the reshaped global services map (2023-01-30, dial H1)
The 2022 completion of Veolia's Suez acquisition created an environmental-services super-major — and a re-launched, consortium-owned 'new SUEZ' competing behind it.
Mentions: veolia, suez
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/news/veolia-suez-new-landscape

### LG Chem expands reverse-osmosis membrane capacity at Cheongju (2022-06-20, dial A1)
The Korean materials major announced expanded RO element production in 2022, backing its push into large desalination tenders worldwide.
Mentions: lg-chem, toray, nitto, dupont-water
URL: https://wateratlas.ai/en/news/lg-chem-ro-expansion