饮用水回用

路线

Potable reuse relies on multiple independent treatment barriers plus extensive monitoring and operator certification. Full advanced treatment — ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis and UV advanced oxidation — is the widely validated core, sometimes augmented with ozone and biologically active carbon.

Singapore's NEWater program is the best-known large-scale reuse system; California's 2023 DPR framework and comparable efforts in Texas, Arizona, Australia and the Gulf mark the move from indirect to direct reuse as water scarcity intensifies.