零液体排放

概述

ZLD systems maximize water recovery through a cascade: membrane concentration (RO, sometimes high-pressure or brine-concentrator RO) followed by thermal evaporation and crystallization to produce a dry solid. Energy-intensive by design, ZLD is deployed where regulation forbids discharge or where water scarcity makes recovery economic.

China's stringent discharge rules for sectors such as coal chemicals made it a major ZLD market; India's textile and power industries are others. This article is a stub pending expert review.