Water, explained and referenced.
Every article carries a structured infobox (machine-readable facts), a last-reviewed date, a review status, and a full reference list. Prose explains the facts; it never invents figures.
Technologies & Processes
24 / 35Reverse Osmosis
Reverse osmosis (RO) is a pressure-driven membrane process that removes dissolved salts and most other contaminants by forcing water through a semipermeable membrane against the osmotic gradient. It is the dominant technology in modern seawater desalination and high-purity industrial water.
Membrane Bioreactor (MBR)
A membrane bioreactor combines biological activated-sludge treatment with membrane filtration (typically UF or MF), replacing secondary clarifiers and producing high-quality effluent suitable for reuse in a compact footprint.
Seawater Desalination
Seawater desalination produces fresh water from the ocean, principally by reverse osmosis (membrane) or thermal distillation (MSF/MED). Global installed capacity exceeds 100 million m³/day, concentrated in the Middle East but growing fastest in Asia and North Africa.
Ultrafiltration
Ultrafiltration (UF) is a low-pressure membrane process that removes suspended solids, colloids, bacteria and most viruses by size exclusion, widely used for drinking-water clarification and as pretreatment ahead of reverse osmosis.
UV Disinfection
Ultraviolet disinfection inactivates pathogens by damaging their nucleic acids with UV-C light, providing chemical-free disinfection with no disinfection-by-product formation and strong efficacy against chlorine-resistant organisms such as Cryptosporidium.
Ozonation & Advanced Oxidation
Ozone and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) generate powerful oxidants — ozone itself and hydroxyl radicals — to break down micropollutants, taste-and-odour compounds and colour, increasingly required for micropollutant removal in wastewater.
Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD)
Zero liquid discharge is a treatment strategy that eliminates liquid waste discharge by concentrating and crystallizing dissolved solids, recovering nearly all water for reuse. It is used where discharge is restricted or water is scarce, notably in Chinese and Indian industry.
Anaerobic Digestion
Anaerobic digestion stabilizes sewage sludge and organic waste in the absence of oxygen, reducing solids volume and producing biogas — a route to energy-neutral or energy-positive wastewater treatment.
Potable Reuse
Potable reuse purifies treated wastewater to drinking-water quality, either by returning it to an environmental buffer (indirect potable reuse) or introducing it directly into the supply (direct potable reuse). California adopted DPR regulations in 2023.
Agricultural wastewater treatment
farm management agenda for controlling pollution from surface runoff in agriculture chemicals in fertiliser, pesticides, animal slurry, crop residues or irrigation water. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
Clarity for Spas
Non-Toxic alternative natural hot tub water treatment products help avoid toxic chlorine and bromine. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
De Pasveersloot
De Pasveersloot is classified in Wikidata's water-domain hierarchy. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
defluoridation
water sanitation procedure. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
drinking water production
drinking water production is classified in Wikidata's water-domain hierarchy. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
EcoWater
water treatment systems. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
Estação de Tratamento de Água Guarará
Estação de Tratamento de Água Guarará is classified in Wikidata's water-domain hierarchy. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
magnetic water treatment
unproven method of supposedly reducing the effects of hard water. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
Omni Processor
sewage processing approach. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
Q133857617
Q133857617 is classified in Wikidata's water-domain hierarchy. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
Q13429486
Q13429486 is classified in Wikidata's water-domain hierarchy. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
Q2036195
Q2036195 is classified in Wikidata's water-domain hierarchy. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
Q2769129
Q2769129 is classified in Wikidata's water-domain hierarchy. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
Q49445432
Q49445432 is classified in Wikidata's water-domain hierarchy. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.
sedimentation
physical water treatment process using gravity to remove suspended solids from water. WaterAtlas represents it as a graph-backed water-domain technology concept pending subject-editor review.